China Lake is a 3,939-acre waterbody located in China and Vassalboro that provides drinking water to over 22,000 residents across five municipalities. The China Lake watershed encompasses 85 miles of streams, 4,732 acres of riparian habitat, and 3,014 acres of freshwater wetlands, which are home to four significant vernal pools. Nearly 2,000 acres of these wetlands are classified as inland wading bird and waterfowl habitat, with some areas providing essential habitat for endangered species and species of special concern, including the least bittern, eastern ribbon snake, and great blue heron.

China Lake supports a variety of recreational activities throughout the year. Public access is available through two state-owned boat launches, and the lake is home to 23 fish species, 19 of which are native. It also provides vital habitat for wildlife, including a significant loon population.

The shoreline around the lake consists of the following:

• The west basin shoreline is largely protected from development, while the east basin is highly developed with approximately 30 houses/shoreline mile.

• Of 529 lots, 452 are developed. 61% of these are seasonal, while 39% are year-round residences.

• 61% of the roads around the lake are unpaved gravel roads, which serve high-density shoreline areas. The remaining 39% are paved roads which include major routes such as 202, 32, and Neck Road.